Effective method for drug injection into subcutaneous tissue

Subcutaneous injection of drug solution is widely used for continuous and low dose drug treatment. Although the drug injections have been administered for a long time, challenges in the design of injection devices are still needed to minimize the variability, pain, or skin disorder by repeated drug injections. To avoid these adverse effects, systematic study on the effects of injection conditions should be conducted to improve the predictability of drug effect. Here, the effects of injection conditions on the drug permeation in tissues were investigated using X-ray imaging technique which provides realtime images of drug permeation with high spatial resolution. The shape and concentration distribution of the injected drug solution in the porcine subcutaneous and muscle tissues are visualized. Dynamic movements of the wetting front (WF) and temporal variations of water contents in the two tissues are quantitatively analyzed. Based on the quantitative analysis of the experimental data, the permeability of drug solution through the tissues are estimated according to permeation direction, injection speed, and tissue. The present results would be helpful for improving the performance of drug injection devices and for predicting the drug efficacy in tissues using biomedical simulation.112Ysciescopu

A 32kb 10T subthreshold SRAM array with bit-interleaving and differential read scheme in 90nm CMOS

We demonstrate a 10T subthreshold SRAM with an efficient bit-interleaving structure for soft-error tolerance and a differential read scheme for improved stability. The 32kb (256128) SRAM array is fabricated in 90nm CMOS and operates at 31.25kHz at 0.18V With more aggressive wordline boosting, the V DD can be reduced to 0.16V At the minimum VDD condition, the operating frequency is 500Hz and the power consumption is 0.123W

Digital collection management software employed by libraries and museums: examination of metadata semantic mapping functionality

A growing number of organizations are building digital collections using both commercial digital collection management software such as CONTENTdm, Encompass, etc., and open source software such as Greenstone and D-Space. This rapidly growing number of distributed digital collections has brought to the fore the critical issues of resource discovery and sharing across these collections. The goal of this project is to examine the functionality of metadata creation and mapping and the configuration of digital collection management software. This goal relates to the issue of semantic interoperability of concept representation across digital collections. For this, this project aims at examining how digital collection management software provides a mechanism for semantic mapping either between different metadata schemes such as Dublin Core (DC) and MARC or between cataloger-defined field names and a given metadata scheme such as DC. As a first step, we will examine features related to metadata semantic mapping of CONTENTdm software, which provides a feature that allows for catalogers to map cataloger-defined field names onto DC metadata elements

Retrieval of NO2 Column Amounts from Ground-Based Hyperspectral Imaging Sensor Measurements

Total column amounts of NO2 (TCN) were estimated from ground-based hyperspectral imaging sensor (HIS) measurements in a polluted urban area (Seoul, Korea) by applying the radiance ratio fitting method with five wavelength pairs from 400 to 460 nm. We quantified the uncertainty of the retrieved TCN based on several factors. The estimated TCN uncertainty was up to 0.09 Dobson unit (DU), equivalent to 2.687 ?? 1020 molecules m???2) given a 1?? error for the observation geometries, including the solar zenith angle, viewing zenith angle, and relative azimuth angle. About 0.1 DU (6.8%) was estimated for an aerosol optical depth (AOD) uncertainty of 0.01. In addition, the uncertainty due to the NO2 vertical profile was 14% to 22%. Compared with the co-located Pandora spectrophotometer measurements, the HIS captured the temporal variation of the TCN during the intensive observation period. The correlation between the TCN from the HIS and Pandora also showed good agreement, with a slight positive bias (bias: 0.6 DU, root mean square error: 0.7 DU)

Epitaxially strained ultrathin LaNiO3_3/LaAlO3_3 and LaNiO3_3/SrTiO3_3 superlattices: a density functional theory + UU study

By employing first-principles electronic structure calculations we investigate nickelate superlattices [LaNiO$_3$]$_1$/[LaAlO$_3$]$_1$ and [LaNiO$_3$]$_1$/[SrTiO$_3$]$_1$ with (001) orientation under epitaxial tensile strain. Within density functional theory augmented by mean-field treatement of on-site electronic correlations, the ground states show remarkable dependence on the correlation strength and the strain. In the weakly and intermediately correlated regimes with small epitaxial strain, the charge-disproportionated insulating states with antiferromagneitc order is favored over the other orbital and spin ordered phases. On the other hand, in the strongly correlated regime or under the large tensile strain, ferromagnetic spin states with Jahn-Teller orbital order become most stable. The effect from polar interfaces in LaNiO$_3$]$_1$/[SrTiO$_3$]$_1$ is found to be noticeable in our single-layered geometry. Detailed discussion is presented in comparison with previous experimental and theoretical studies.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Clinical Significance of p16 Protein Expression Loss and Aberrant p53 Protein Expression in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a disease with poor prognosis mainly due to low resection rates and late diagnosis. To increase resectability and improve survival rates, a better understanding of pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and more effective screening techniques are required. New methods, such as genetic and molecular alterations, may suggest novel approaches for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. We immunohistochemically investigated 44 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using monoclonal anti-p16 antibodies and monoclonal anti-p53 antibodies. The expressions of p16 and p53 proteins were compared using the Chi-square test with SPSS. Disease-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, verified by the Log-Rank test. Loss of p16 expression was noted in 20 (45.5%) cases and aberrant p53 protein expression was detected in 14 (31.8%) cases. Loss of p16 expression was associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.040) and a more advanced stage (p=0.015), although there was no significant correlation between p16 expression and survival. Aberrant p53 protein expression correlated with histologic grade (p=0.038). Disease-free survival rate was significantly lower in the aberrant p53 protein positive group compared to the negative group (p=0.029). From our results, we suggest that p53 is not a prognostic factor; however, p16 and p53 genes do play important roles in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Global user-interface design: Characteristics of multinational corporate websites

The primary goal of a user interface is to support users who play multiple roles in accordance with their contextual environment and purposes of use (Shen, Woolley, & Prior, 2005). Culture is an essential aspect that influences users’ view on contextual environment. Members of a cultural group share distinct cognitions and identity that characterize different cultural dimensions. Therefore, the fundamental basis of web-user interface design may vary across cultures and nationalities. In fact, recent empirical researches have found that website interfaces of different countries often reflect cultural dimensions (Marcus & Gould, 2000; Sheridan, 2001; Robbins & Stylianou, 2002; Wurtz, 2005; Callahan, 2005). In my study, I first discuss various cross-cultural design aspects, including cultural dimensions and web-user interface design principles, followed by the discussion of internationalized and localized websites. I then conducted a qualitative analysis on two sets of an American and a Korean website in order to compare the cultural attributes and characteristics reflected in them. Results indicate that American websites express individualistic and low context cultural characteristics and Korean sites show collectivistic and high context cultural characteristics. However, Korean websites contain some western cultural traits, such as individualism and low context culture. In addition, Korean websites are more visually-oriented than the American one. Other interesting cultural implications were also detected through the qualitative analyses of the interfaces

Global user-interface design: Characteristics of multinational corporate websites

The primary goal of a user interface is to support users who play multiple roles in accordance with their contextual environment and purposes of use (Shen, Woolley, & Prior, 2005). Culture is an essential aspect that influences users’ view on contextual environment. Members of a cultural group share distinct cognitions and identity that characterize different cultural dimensions. Therefore, the fundamental basis of web-user interface design may vary across cultures and nationalities. In fact, recent empirical researches have found that website interfaces of different countries often reflect cultural dimensions (Marcus & Gould, 2000; Sheridan, 2001; Robbins & Stylianou, 2002; Wurtz, 2005; Callahan, 2005). In my study, I first discuss various cross-cultural design aspects, including cultural dimensions and web-user interface design principles, followed by the discussion of internationalized and localized websites. I then conducted a qualitative analysis on two sets of an American and a Korean website in order to compare the cultural attributes and characteristics reflected in them. Results indicate that American websites express individualistic and low context cultural characteristics and Korean sites show collectivistic and high context cultural characteristics. However, Korean websites contain some western cultural traits, such as individualism and low context culture. In addition, Korean websites are more visually-oriented than the American one. Other interesting cultural implications were also detected through the qualitative analyses of the interfaces